Brake mechanism



July 10, 1934.

v. G. APPLE Re. 19,230 BRAKE: MECHANISM Original Filed Nov. 14. 1929 2Sheets-Sheet 1 M'ncent G- fi'pple deceased, INVENTOR,

Dena z Bra/re Compqgy. assignee July 10, 1934. v 5 APPLE, Re. 19,230

BRAKE MECHANISM Original Filed Nov. 14. 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 flhcem G1flpp/e deceased, INVENTOR. Dena ix Brake Com nay, assg nee.

TTORN Li Reissued July 10, 1934 19,230 BRAKE MECHANISM Vincent G. Apple,deceased, late of Dayton, Ohio, by Bendix Brake Company, South Bend,Ind.,

assignee Original No. 1,876,541, dated September 13, 1932,

Serial No. 407,080, November 14, 1929. Application for reissue August21, 1933, Serial No.

71 Claims. (Cl. 186-156) This invention relates to brakes and hasparticular reference to an assembly designed for use on an automobileand is here shown as installed for use on the front wheels of anautomotive vehicle.

An object of the invention is to incorporate with a compact dirt andwater proof assembly such as that disclosed herein, power mechanism,

here illustrated in the form of an electric motor,

and mechanical means for operating the brake shoes whereby the brakesmay be manually applied from a point outside the drum enclosure by thevehicle operator either independently of or in conjunction with theelectric motor means.

An important feature is that the power means is supported within theenclosure, as in the brake and applying mechanism.

A further object of the invention is to utilize an 'electric motor as apower brake applying means in such a way that the brakes will bepositively retained in their applied position while the motor isinoperative and in this way substantially conserve the amount of currenttaken from a storage battery or the like for the purpose of provedmanual operating mechanism for apply,-

ing the brakes independently of the power means and permittingindependent operation by the power means, all here shown as applied to aswivelled vehicle wheel.

The constructionis such that the power mechanism is operable to applythe brakes, to retain the brakes applied, and to function to permit therelease of the brakes. It is preferred to employ w a reversiblyrotatable power driven shaft. disconnectedly coupled with the operablebrake friction means to apply the same upon rotation of the shaft in agiven direction, to retain the same applied upon discontinuance ofrotation of the rotation of the shaft. An important characteristie isthat novel means for applying the'brakes manually, in a construction ofthe character here shown, is provided.

Further objects and meritorious features of the invention will appearfrom the following description, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein like numerals refer to like partsthroughout the several figures, and

wherein:

, Figure 1 is a section of the power brake assembLv taken on the line 11of Figure 2, and

Figure 2 is a sectional view on the line 2-2 of Figure 1. In thedrawings the numeral 2 represents the shaft, and to permit releasethereof upon reverse usual steering spindle having radially extendingarms 4 and 6 and carrying the hubs 5 and 7 for the bushings'8 and 10.The steering pivot pin 12 is secured in the hub 14 of the axle 16 androtatably mounted in the bushings 8 and 10, with the anti-frictionthrust bearing 22 under the hub iumfior the purpose of taking thevertical steering 0n the outer end of the stub axle or spindle 24 iskeyed the brake torque plate 26, and the sleeve 28 is rotatablyjournalled on the inner end thereof by means of the roller bearings 30and 32, which are retained in spaced relation by means of the spacer 34.Secured to the outer and inner ends of the wheel and drum assembly arethe bearing housings 36 and 38 respectively whereby the said assembly isrotatably joumalled about the stub axle 24, bearing directly on the stubaxle at its outer end and upon the sleeve 28 at its inner end.

The brake drum 40 is riveted as at 42 to the wheel 44. The inner bearinghousing 38 is provided with a flange 46,- and to thisflange and thebrake drum 40 is bolted the drum cover plate 48, as at and 52, therebyforming a tight com-- partment which the brake friction mecha-. nism andthe applying mechanism is sealed against water, dirt and oil to functionin a highly eflicient manner. The brake torque plate 26- is providedwith a plurality of radially extending arms, one of which, 54, isprovided with the studs 56 and 58 which serve as anchors for the brakeshoes 60 and 62 respectively. The other two adjacent ends of the brakeshoes are connected by the right and left adjusting screw 64. Inasmuchas the expanding mechanism for the shoes and the contemplated powermeans for operating the same are to be mounted entirely within theclosed drum, the brake shoes have been made channel shaped in crosssection to provide room for the operating parts as shown and hereindescribed.

Secured to a depending flange 66 of the torque plate 26 is thereversible electric motor 68 which is provided with a threaded extension69 to its armature shaft. Mounted for axial sliding movement along thisextension is the correspondingly threaded weighted runner 70, theweighted portion being indicated as 71.

0n the arm 54 of the torque plate 26 is pivoted the brake operating arm72, as at 74, and to this arm is pivoted the camming mechanism indicatedgenerally at '16, since it is of conventional design.

The other extremity of the brake arm is bifurcated to form the twoprongs 78 and 80 (see Figure 1) which straddle the extension 69 of themotor armature shaft to swing axially therealong. The brakes have beenillustrated in their on" position, to which position they are moved whenthe motor is-rotated in one direction and the axial nism76.

The inertia of the weighted portion '11 of the nut prevents the nut fromrotating with the shaft when the shaft is rotatably driven and as aresult the nut is caused to travel axially alongthe shaft. 'I'hethreadof the shaft extension is of relatively low pitch and the brake shoesare thereby retained in whatever "on position'they may be when thecircuit through the motor is broken and until the circuit through themotor is reversed. Upon reverse of the circuit through the motor'the nuttravels in the opposite direction over the shaft permitting the brake tobe released under the pull of the provided release springs.

With this power brake assembly there is included means for mechanicallyactuating the brake arm '72 independently of the electric motor means.-For this purpose the outer end of the sleeve 28 is provided with gearteeth 82 which are .adaptedtomeshwiththegearteethuonthe,sectorleverllfi.

This sector lever Q6 is pivoted at 88 in boss 90 which is formedpn thebrake torque plate 26. A link 92 connects the lever arm 860i the gearsector 94 to the brake operating arm 72 through the medium of anelongated slot 96- in the link 92 which fits over a'stud 98 in the saidbrake operating arm. In this way a slip joint between gear sector andthe brake arm is provided whereby the said arm may be actuated bythegear sector either independently of or in conjunction with the poweroperating means and permits independent movement of the arm by the,nismsecured power operating means. A lever 1001s secured to the otherend of the sleeve 28, preferably by welding it thereto, forthe purposeof permitting actuationofthehrakearmthroughthe gearsector from a pointoutside the closed drum. and it is contemplated that this lever 100 willbe connected through some mechanical linkage so that it may be actuatedby the vehicle operator.

Having described one illustrative embodiment of the invention, variouschanges and modifications will-be apparent to those skilled in the, art,and'for that'reason it is intended to be limited only within the scopeof the appended claims.

' What is claimed:

1. Brake comprising a wheel spindleheldagainstrotationbyoneendanintegralhollow drum closed at both ends rotatably supported thereon, internalexpanding brake mechaagainst rotation within the drum,electricmotormeanssupportedwithm the drum for expanding said brakemechanism, and mechanical means manually operable independently of theelectric motor means for expanding 12. Brake mechanism comprising aswivelled wheel spindle held against rotation by one end, an integralclosed drum rotatablyiournalled closed drum.

thereon. radially'expansible brake friction means secured againstrotation within the drum. electric motor means supported within the drumfor expanding the friction means, said motor means including means forretaining the friction means in applied position when the current isoil, and

mechanical means operable from a point outside the drum forindependently expanding the friction means. A 3. Brake mechanismcomprising a swivelled wheel spindle, an integral closed brake drumrotatab y journalled thereon,'friction means and a reversible electricmotor secured against rotation with the drum, means whereby rotation ofthe motor shaft in one direction applies thefriction means and in theother permit their withdrawal and mechanical means extending outside thedrum for actuating the friction means independently of the motor.

4. Brake mechanism comprising a swivelled wheel spindle, an integralclosed brake drum r'otatably iournalled thereon, friction means and areversible electric motor secured against rotation within the drum,means whereby rotation of the motor shaft in one direction applies said100 friction means and in the other permits their withdrawal, said meansincluding means for retaining the friction means in any intermediate.position when the circuit through the motor is broken, and meansmanually operable from a point outside the drum for actuating thefriction means independently of the electric motor.

5. Brake mechanism comprising a swivelled wheel spindle held againstrotation by one end,

a sleeve having radially extending armskeyed thereto, an integral closedbrake drumrotatably journalled thereon, radially expansible friction.means and a reversibleelectric motor supported within the drum by saidarms, operative connections between the electric motor friction means,and mechanical link e co with said operative connections and extendingto a point outside the drum whereby the friction means may be manuallyexpanded inde pendently of the electric motor.

wheel spindle, a closed brake drum rotatably journalled thereon, asleeve having arms extending radially withinthe drum keyed to saidspindle, radially expansible friction shoes and a lever fcrexpandingthem supported on one of said arms, a reversible electric motor having athreaded extension to its armature shaft secured to. another of thearms,said lever having a bifurcated portion straddling said threadedextension, means axially slidable on said extension upon rotationthereof to actuate the lever arm. a gear sector pivoted to said radiallyextending arm and having a lost motion connection with the lever arm,and a sleeve rotatably iournalle'd 135 on the spindle having gear teethin mesh with the gear sector and operable from a point outside the 7.Brake mechanism comprising a swivelled wheel spindle held againstrotation at one endfa closed brake drum rotatably' journalledthereon,radially expanslble brake'shoes and a pivoted lever for expanding themsecured against rotation within the drum. a sleeve rotatably journalledon the spindle and extending from a point within to a point outsidesaiddrum, gear teetlron the,

inner end of said sleeve, a pivoted gear sector within the drum meshingwiththesald teethand having a slotted connection with said lever, and150 6. Brake mechanism comprising a swivelled means on the outer end ofthe sleeve whereby the same may be rotated to expand the brake shoes.

8. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axle, aclosed drum rotatably journalled thereon, expansible friction meanssecured against rotation within the drum, a sleeve rotatable about saidaxle, operative connections within the drum between said friction meansand said sleeve, including a gear sector, and means operable from apoint outside said drum for rotating said sleeve.

9. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axle, aclosed drum rotatably journalled thereon, expansible friction means andalever arm for expanding the same supported against rotation within thedrum, a sleeve rotat-, able about said axle from a point outside thedrum, and a lost motion connection between said lever and sleeve wherebyrotation of the latter actuates the friction means.

10.- Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axle, aclosed drum rotatably journalled thereon, expansible friction means anda lever for expanding the same supported against rotation within thedrum, a sleeve rotat able about said axle from a point outside the drumand provided with gear teeth at its inner extremity, a gear sectorpivoting within the drum,

and meshing with said gear teeth, and a lost. motion connection betweensaid gear sector and lever.

11. Brake mechanism comprising an axle member secured against rotation,radially expansible friction means supported thereby, an electric motorlikewise supported thereby, means connecting said motor and frictionmeans for expanding the latter, and independently operable mechanicalmeans including a part rotatable about said axle member for manuallyexpanding them.

12. Brake mechanism comprising an axle member secured against rotation,radially expansible friction shoes supported thereby, an electric motorhaving an armature shaft extending transversely of the axle member alsosupported thereby, means for expanding the friction shoes, means wherebyrotation of said armature shaft functions to operate said expandingmeans, while permitting independent operation of said expanding means,and manually operable means engaging the expanding means to operate itindependently of the electric motor and to permit independent operationthereof by the motor.

13. Brake mechanism as defined in claim 12 wherein the describedassembly with the exception of the last mentioned mechanical means iscompletely enclosed in a rotatable brake drum.

tion of the shaft in the other direction to permit release of thebrakes, and mechanical means independentlyoperable from outside the drumfor expanding said friction'means including a part extending axiallyrotatably through the drum.

15. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotatable drum, brakefriction means therein, cam means for expanding said friction meansarranged adjacent one periphery of the drum, a reversible electric motorsupported on the opposite side of the drum having an armature shaft,means whereby rotation of the armature shaft in one direction operatessaid friction means and rotation in the opposite direction permitsretraction of the friction means, and independently operable mechanicalmeans for manually actuating the friction means.

16 Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotatable drum,brake friction means arranged therein to be urged thereagainst, areversible electric power device arranged within the drum, an operatingmember coupled with the friction means and disconnectedly coupled withthe power device to be actuated thereby to. urge the friction meansagainst the drum, manual operating mechanism disconnectedly coupled withthe operating member to urge the friction means against the drum.

17. Vehicle bralfie mechanism comprising, in' combination, a rotatabledrum, brake friction means arranged therein to be urged thereagainst, areversible electric power device arranged within the drum, an operatingmember coupled with the friction means and disconnectedly coupled withthe power device to be actuated thereby to urge the friction meansagainst the drum, manual operating mechanism disconnectedly coupled withthe operating member on the opposite side of the axis of the drum fromthe power means to urge the friction means against the drum.

18. Brake mechanism including, in combination, a non-rotatable axlemember, radially expansible frictionshoes supported thereby, areversible electric motor likewise supported thereby having a threadedarmature shaft extending transversely of the axle member, acorrespondingly threaded runner on said shaft, means whereby said runneroperates on rotation of the armsture shaft in one direction to expandthe friction means and on rotation in the other to permit retractionthereof, and independently operable means for manually expanding thefriction means. I

19. In brake mechanism, a rotatable drum, brake friction means arrangedwithin the drum, an operating member coupled therewith to urge thefriction means against the drum, electric power means within the drumhaving a reversibly rotatably driven threaded shaft, a threaded runneron the shaft adapted to be advanced thereover during its rotatiton andcoupled with said operating member to actuate it to urge the frictionmeans against the drum, said threaded runner adapted to retain itsposition on the shaft upon discontinuance of rotation thereof to holdthe operating member against movement of release of the friction means,manual operating means cou- 'pled with said operating member to actuate,the

same to urge the friction means againstthe drum, tension means enga ngsaid friction means to 135 release the same following actuation by themanual means insufllcient to release the friction means against therestraint offered by the runner to movement of the operating memberfollowing application by the power means.

20. In brake mechanism, a rotatable drum, brake friction means arrangedwithin the drum, an operating member coupled therewith to urge thefriction means against the drum, electric power means within the drumhaving a reversibly 14,5

rotatably driven threaded shaft. a threaded runner on the shaft adaptedtcbe advanced thereover during its rotation and coupled with saidoperating member to actuate it to urge the friction means against thedrum, said runner being 1130 'mechanism coupled with the friction meansineluding a reversibly rotatably driven shaft and a weighted runner.coupled therewith to be advanced thereover upon rotation of the-shaftand coupled with the friction means to actuate -the same as it advancesover the shaft, and manual =means coupled with the friction means tourge it against the drum independently of the rotation of the shaft. I

22. Automotive vehicle brake mechanism comprising a rotatable brakedrum, friction means within said drum adapted to retard rotation of thesame, an actuating member coupled with said friction means, a powerdriven rotatable element in operative relation-to said actuating means,and

a member slidable along and disconnectedly associated with saidrotatable element and said actuating member for operating the frictionmeans.

23. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a rotatable brake drum,friction means supported within said drum, and rotary electric motorpower means supported therein disconnectedly coupled with said frictionmeans to actuate the same.

24. Brake mechanism comprising, incombination, a rotatable brake drum,friction meanssupported within said drum. rotary electric motor powermeans supported therein disconnectedly coupled with said friction meansto actuate the same, and manually operable means for actuating saidfriction means independently of said power means.

25. Brake mechanism comprising a sleeve secured against rotation,radially expansible brake shoes and cam arm for expanding them supportedthereby, a reversible electric motor having a threaded armature shaftalso supported by said sleeve, a correspondingly threaded runner on I.said shaft, spring means tending to retain said brake shoes in theirretracted position, and means on said cam arm abutting said runner onone side only whereby the shoes are expanded upon rotation of thearmature shaft in one direction.

26. Automotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatableaxle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mounted thereon. acompletely closed drum secured to said wheel for rotation therewith, andfriction means adapted to retard rotation of said drum and electricmeans for actuating the same each secured against rotation within saiddrum.

iflthtlilomotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising anon-rotatable axle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mountedthere- ,on, a completely closed drum secured to said wheel'for rotationtherewith, and friction means adapted to retard rotationrof said drumand electric means for actuating the same each secured against rotationwithin said drum by the same m rotation therewith: a plate within said"element. 1

28. Automotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatableaxle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mounted thereon, acompletely closed drum secured to said secured against rotation by saidaxle memher, and electric means for applying friction to said drumsupported by said plate.

29. Automotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatableaxle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mounted thereon, aclosed drum secured to said wheel for rotation therewith, radiallyextending arms supported within said drum by said axle'member,electro-magnet means supported by one arm, friction means positioned bythe other arms for engagement with said drum, and operative connectionsbetween the electro-magnet means and said friction means.

30. In combination with a rotatable brake drum, a plurality of armsfixedly positioned within said drum, friction means positioned withrelation to said drum by certain of said arms, power mechanism supportedwithin said drum by another of the arms, and operative'connectionsbetween said power means and said friction ported thereon, internalexpanding brake shoes of channel shaped cross-section secured againstrotation within the drum, an electro-magnetically operated.- power meansextending between the webs of the channel shaped shoes to move saidshoes radially, and means ed to the spindle within the drum to supportsaid power means.

32.- In combination with a completely enclosed internal expanding brakemechanism, an electric motor having an armature shaft with a threadedextension, a brake shoe actuating arm having a bifurcated end portionstraddling said shaft extension, and a weighted runner mounted on saidextension adapted to contact the bifurcated portion of the brake shoeactuating arm.

33. Bralre mechanism comprising brakes, a power device including arotatable shaft, an actuating element coupled with said brakes andmovable longitudinally of said shaft, a member slidable alongsaid shafton rotation thereof coupied with the actuating element, said memberbeing adapted to shift from slidable to rotary movement uponencountering a determined resistance by the brakes, and means formanually operating said brakes independently of said rotatable shaft.

34. Vehicle brake mechanism including radially expansible frictionshoes, an expanding cam member pivotally supported between the ends ofsaid shoes, an electric motor havinga threaded armature shaft positionedadjacent said shoes, an actuating arm fixedly secured at one end to saidcam member and bifurcated at its opposite end to straddle said armatureshaft, and a threaded runner positioned upon said shaft and engageablewith the bifurcated portion of the actuating arms to positively urge thesame in brake applying as direction.

35. In combination with a brake shoe actuating arm bifurcated at,-itsfree end, athreaded elec-' tric motor armature shaft extending throughthe bifurcation, one face of the bifurcated portion being convexlyrounded, and a threaded runner the shaft upon discontinuance of rotationthereof to hold the operating member against movement of release of thefriction means.

37. In brake mechanism, a rotatable drum, brake friction means arrangedwithin the drum, an operating member coupled therewith to urge thefriction means against the drum, power means within the drum having" areversibly rotatabLv driven threaded shaft, a threaded runner on theshaft adapted to be advanced thereover during its rotation and coupledwith said operating member to actuate it to urge the friction meansagainst the drum, said runner being weighted to retain the position towhich it has been advanced upon the shaft.

38. In brake mechanism, a rotatable drum, brake friction means arrangedtherein, operating mechanism coupled with the friction means including areversibly 'rotatably driven shaft and a weighted runner coupledtherewith to be advanced thereover upon rotation of the shaft andcoupled with the friction means to actuate the same as it is advancedover the-shaft.

39. Automotive vehicle brake mechanism comprising a rotatable brake drumclosed at each end, friction means within said drum adapted toretard'rotation of the same, an actuating member coupled with saidfriction means and a rotatable operating element positioned within thedrum disconnectedly and frictionally coupled with the actuating elementadapted to become inefiective upon encountering a determined resistanceto said friction means.

40. In combination with brake mechanism of the class described,including an actuating arm, a threaded shaft adjacent said arm, a runnerpositioned on said shaft and having limited frictional engagement withone face of the actuating arm..

which said runner normally slides along the shaft to move the actuatingarm but is free to rotate with said shaft when the arm offers adetermined resistance to such sliding movement, and yieidable retractingmeans constantly urging said'arm against said runner.

41. ln combination with a brake shoe actuating arm bifurcated at itsfree end, a threaded shaft extending through said bifurcation, means forrotating said shaft, a threaded runner slidable along said shaft andhaving a depending weighted portion, the end face of the runner and oneface of said actuating arm having limited frictional engagement wherebysaid runner is free to rotate with the shaft when said actuating armoffers a predetermined resistance to longitudinal sliding movement ofsaid runner.

42. In combination with brake mechanism of the class described,including an actuating arm, a threaded shaft adjacent said arm, a runnerpositioned on said shaft and having limited frictional engagement withone face of the actuating .arm, which said runner normally slides alongthe shaft to move the actuating arm but is free to rotaw with said shaftwhen the arm offers adetermined resistance to such sliding movement.

43. Brake mechanism including, in combination, friction members havingadjacent separable ends, a cam rotatably journalled between said ends, alever coupled with said cam to actuate the same, power means lyingwithin the plane of. the friction members and coupled with said lever,and independently operable means coupled with said lever for manualoperation.

44. Brake mechanism including, in combination, a non-rotatable swivelledwheel spindle, a torque plate having a laterally extending stud and alaterally extending boss thereon, a brake actuating lever fulcrumed onsaid stud, a laterally extending stud on said lever, a gear sectorpivoted on said boss, a link pivoted on said gear sector and havingslotted connectionwith said lever stud, a sleeve rotatably'ioumalled onsaid spindle having gear teeth adapted to mesh with those on said gearsector, and means for rotating said sleeve. 7

45. Brake mechanism including, in combination, a wheel, brake mechanismoperable to retard rotation of said wheel, power mechanism lying withinthe plane of said wheel operable through the medium of a leveragecorresponding substantially in length to the diameter of said wheel toactuate said brake mechanism, and means manually operable independentlyof said power mechanism through said leverage to actuate said brakemechanism.

46. In combination with a wheel structure including brake mechanism,power means within the circumference of said wheel operable upon a camarm to apply said brake me hanism, and manual means operable indepenently of said power means upon said arm to apply the same.

47. In combination with a wheel having a drum secured for rotationtherewith, aflanged sleeve secured against rotation within the plane ofsaid drum, friction means within said plane operable to retard rotationof said drum, power means supported by the flange of said sleeve, andmeans lying within the plane of the drum operable through a leveragecorresponding substantially in length to the diameter of said drum toactuate said friction means.

48. In combination with a wheel having a closed drum secured forrotation therewith, a radially flanged sleeve secured against rotationwithin said drum, friction means supported therein adapted to retardrotation thereof, and means for actuating said friction means and powermeans operable upon'said actuating means sup-' ported by the flange ofsaid sleeve.

49.. In combination with a spindle, a brake drum closed at each endrotatably journalled upon said spindle, a flanged sleeve secured to saidspindle between the ends of said drums, retarding means operable uponsaid drum positioned therein by means of said sleeve, a second sleeverotatably journalled about said spindle adjacent said first mentionedsleeve and including an arm positioned exteriorly of the drum, and meansoperable by rotation of said sleeve for actuating said retarding means.

50. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in 185 combination, a rotatablebrake drum closed at each end and having a bearing at each end, brakefriction means and an electric motor secured against rotation within thedrum, means connecting the motor and friction means whereby rota- 140tion of the former operates the friction means, and mechanical meansoperable independently of the motor means from a point outside the drumto actuate the friction means. 7

51. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising a nonrotatable axle member,radially expansible friction means and electric motor means forexpanding them supported by the hub, a rotatable brake drum'completelyenclosing the shoes and motor means, and mechanical linkage coupled withthe shoes within the drum and extending through said drum to the outsidethereof for independent manual actuation.

52'. Automotive vehicle brake mechanism coniprising a rotatable brakedrum journalled at each end, friction. means within said drum adapted toretard rotation thereof, an actuating member positioned withinthe drumand coupled with said friction means, a rotatable operating elementarranged within the drum and disconnectedly coupled with the actuatingelement to operate the same and adapted to become ineffective uponencountering a determined resistance, and means for operating saidactuating member independently of said rotatable operating element.

53. Brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatable axle, an axle membersecuredagainst rotation thereon having radially extending arms, brakefriction means supported by said axle member, a cam lever pivoted to oneof the arms thereof, electric power means supported by the axle memberfor actuating said cam lever, a rotatable drum enclosing said frictionmeans and means rotatable about the axle member operable from outsidethe drum for actuating the cam lever independently of the electric powermeans.

54. Automotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatableaxle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mounted thereon, aclosed drum secured to said wheel for rotation therewith, a plate withinsaid drum secured against rotation by said axle member, electric meansfor applying friction to said drum supported by said plate, and meansmanually operable from a point outside said drum to apply friction tothe drum.

55. Automotive vehicle wheel brake mechanism comprising a non-rotatableaxle member, a vehicle supporting wheel rotatably mounted thereon, aclosed drum secured to said wheel for rotation therewith, radiallyextending arms supported within said drum by said axle member, electricmeans supported by said arm for applying friction to the internalperiphery of said drum, and means manually operable from a point outsidesaid drum to apply friction to said internal periphery.

56. Braking mechanism comprising a nonrotatable axle, a hollow drum selfenclosed at the ends, a bearing at each end to support said drum forrotation about said axle, internal expanding brak'e members between saidbearings within said drum, means associated with said axle to supportsaid members for radial movement and against rotation, power meanswithin said drum to move said members radially, and means-extendingoutside said drum adapted to move said members independently of saidpower means.

' 57. Braking mechanism comprising a nonrotatable axle and a rotatablebrake drum closed at the ends supported fir rotation about said axle. anon-rotatable axle member on the axle havin arms extending radiallyoutward into the space within the drum. brake shoes held by the armsagainst rotation but for radial movement, power applying means coupledwith the shoes to move them into braking engagement and supported on oneof said arms and manually operable means extending from within the drumenclosure where.- by the shoes may be moved radially independently ofthe power app yin means.

' 58. Brake mechanism comprising 97 non-rotatable axle, a brake drumrotatable thereon and closed at its ends, an anti-friction bearing ineach closed end to support said drum for rotation thereabout, a housingsurrounding each anti-friction bearing, braking mechanism between saidhousingswithin said drum enclosure, and means extending from within thedrum for actuating said braking mechanism.

59. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axlemember, a brake drum closed at both ends rotatable about the axlemember, expansible friction means arranged within the drum to be urgedthereagainst, power means arranged within the drum coupled with thefriction means to expand the same and having a power supply inletextending through the axle member, and manually operable means rotatableabout the hub coupled within the drum to the' friction means operable toactuate the same independently of the power means.

60. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axlemember, an integral closed brake drum rotatable about the axle member,brake friction means arranged within the drum, operating-mechanismwithin the drum to urge the friction means against the drum, power meanswithin the drum coupled with the operat- 'ingmechanism to actuate it,manually operable means within the drum coupled with the operatingmechanism to actuate it independently of the 1 power means.

61. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a non-rotatable axlemember, an integral closed brake drum rotatable about'the axle member,brake friction means arranged within the drum, a brake lever within thedrum operable to actuate the friction means and extending across thedrum, power means within the drum, manually operable means within thedrum, said power means and manually operable means arranged on oppositesides of the axis of the drum and each coupled with the lever to actuatethe same.

62. Brake mechanism comprising an axle member secured against rotation,radially expansible friction shoes supported thereby, an electric motorhaving an armature shaft extending transversely of the axle member andalso supportedthereby, means for expanding the friction shoes, and adisconnected coupling between said shaft and expanding means wherebyrotation of said armature shaft functions to operate said expandingmeans.

63. Braking mechanism comprising a wheel spindle held against rotationby one end, a hollow drum closed at both endsrotatably supportedthereon, internal expanding brake friction means secured againstrotation within'the drum, electric power means positioned within thedrum and disconnectedly coupled with said brake friction means through africtional coupling to actuate the same, said frictional couplingretaining the shoes in any intermediate position when th electriccircuitis broken. 1

64. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising 'a swivelled wheel spindle, aclosed brake drum journalled thereon, an axle member having radiallyextending arms secured thereto, radially expansible friction shoes and alever arm for actuating them supported on one of said arms, a reversibleelectric motor having a. threaded extension to its armature shaftsecured to another of said 65. Braking mechanism comprising-anon-rotatable axle, a hollow drum completely closed at the endssupported for rotation about said axle, expanslble brake friction meanswithin the enclosure of said drum, means connecting said friction meansand said axle to hold it against rotation, camming means at one side ofsaid enclosure to force the friction'means into contact with the drum;electro-magnetic means diametrically opposite said camming means, andoperating linkage connecting said electro-magnetic means to said cammingmeans.

66. Braking mechanism comprising a non-rotatable wheel spindle, abearing on the outer end of said spindle, a bearing on the inner end ofsaid spindle, a brake drum closed at both ends, each closed end havingsupport on one of said bearings, an axle member keyed to said spindlebetween said bearings, a brake. shoe supporting plate secured to saidaxle member, radially expansible friction shoes mounted on saidsupporting plate, an electro-magnetic device for expanding said shoesinto contact with the interior ci.r-' cumference of said drum, and acable entering said spindle at a point inside the inner bearing andextending internally lengthwise thereof toward its outer end to a pointbetween the two bearings, thence outwardly to said electro-magne'ticdevice.

.67. Braking mechanism comprising, a non-rofriction means secured tosaid spacing member,

a rotatable brake drum having both ends closed and a housing for one ofsaid anti-friction bearings in each closed end surrounding said frictionmeans.

68. A vehicle wheel mounted on a spindle swivelled for turning movementand provided with a brake drum, friction means arranged within the drum,a torque taking member carried by the spindleand having oppositelydirected arms extending generally in the direction of the swivellingaxis of the wheel, one of said arms provided with spaced anchorsarranged on opposite sides of and beyond one end of. the swivelling'axis of the wheel, power mechanism carried by the other arm arranged inproximity to the other end of the swivelling axis of. the wheel anddiametrically across the drum from said anchors, anoperating leverpivoted at one end to one arm between said anchors and extending alongthe swivelling axis of the wheel and connected with the power mechanismat its opposite end in proximity to the other end of the swivelling axisand thrust means carried by the-pivoted end of the lever and operativelyengaging said friction means.

69. Braking mechanism comprising, anon-rotatable axle, a hollow drumclosed at its ends,

a bearing in each closed end to support said drum for rotation aboutsaid axle, brake shoes of channel shaped cross-section between saidbearings within said drum, means held against rotation by said axle tosupport said shoes for radial movement and against rotation about saidaxle, and electro-magnetic power means located between the webs of thechannel shaped shoes to move said shoes radially.

70. Brake mechanism comprising an axle member secured against rotation,a rotatable drum, radially expansible friction means supported by theaxle member, an actuating member associated with the friction means toexpand the same,an electric motor supported by said axle member, andmeans disconnectedly coupling said inotor and said actuating member foroperating the latter.

71. Brake mechanism including, in combination, non-rotating radiallyexpansible brake shoes channel shaped in cross section, cam meansadjacent a periphery of the shoes for expanding them. electromagneticmeans having an armature movable in a direction transverse to the axisof the shoes and extending in close proximity thereto intermediate theflanges thereof, a connecting arm between said cam means and saidarmature, and mechanical means for actuating BEN'DIX BRAKE COMPANY,Assi'anee of Vincent G. Apple, Deceased,

By DAVID L. GALLUP.

said arm independently of theelectro magnet

